Selected extracts from the “Comprehensive LATEX symbol list” |
This file consists in extracts of the Comprehensive list of LATEX symbols. Il also serves as a test of UTF-8 output encoding.
Table 2: Predefined LaTeX2e Text-mode Commands
^ \textasciicircum < \textless ~ \textasciitilde ª \textordfeminine ∗ \textasteriskcentered º \textordmasculine \ \textbackslash ¶ \textparagraph* | \textbar · \textperiodcentered { \textbraceleft* ¿ \textquestiondown } \textbraceright* “ \textquotedblleft • \textbullet ” \textquotedblright © \textcopyright* ‘ \textquoteleft † \textdagger* ’ \textquoteright ‡ \textdaggerdbl* ® \textregistered $ \textdollar* § \textsection* … \textellipsis* £ \textsterling* — \textemdash ™ \texttrademark – \textendash _ \textunderscore* ¡ \textexclamdown ␣ \textvisiblespace > \textgreater
- Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.
- *
- It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 3: LaTeX2e Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
$ \$ _ \_ ‡ \ddag { \{ ¶ \P © \copyright … \dots } \} § \S † \dag £ \pounds
- Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.
Table 7: textcomp Currency Symbols
฿ \textbaht $ \textdollar* ₲ \textguarani ₩ \textwon ¢ \textcent “\textdollaroldstyle” not available ₤ \textlira ¥ \textyen “\textcentoldstyle” not available ₫ \textdong ₦ \textnaira ₡ \textcolonmonetary € \texteuro ₱ \textpeso ¤ \textcurrency ƒ \textflorin £ \textsterling*
- *
- It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 8: textcomp Legal Symbols
℗ \textcircledP © \textcopyright ℠ \textservicemark “\textcopyleft” not available ® \textregistered ™ \texttrademark
- Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.
- See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for solutions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., getting a “ⓡ” when you expected to get a “®”).
Table 9: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols
∗ \textasteriskcentered ª \textordfeminine ‖ \textbardbl º \textordmasculine ◯ \textbigcircle ¶ \textparagraph* “\textblank” not available · \textperiodcentered ¦ \textbrokenbar ‱ \textpertenthousand • \textbullet ‰ \textperthousand † \textdagger* ¶ \textpilcrow ‡ \textdaggerdbl* ' \textquotesingle = \textdblhyphen “\textquotestraightbase” not available = \textdblhyphenchar “\textquotestraightdblbase” not available ⁒ \textdiscount ℞ \textrecipe ℮ \textestimated ※ \textreferencemark ‽ \textinterrobang § \textsection* “\textinterrobangdown” not available “\textthreequartersemdash” not available ♪ \textmusicalnote ˷ \texttildelow № \textnumero “\texttwelveudash” not available ○ \textopenbullet
- Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.
- *
- It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 10: Text-mode Accents
Ää \"{A}\"{a} Àà \`{A}\`{a} Ạạ \d{A}\d{a} Åå \r{A}\r{a} Áá \'{A}\'{a} “\|” not available‡ “\G” not available‡ “\t” not available Ȧȧ \.{A}\.{a} Ãã \~{A}\~{a} “\h” not available§ Ăă \u{A}\u{a} Āā \={A}\={a} Aa \b{A}\b{a} Őő \H{O}\H{o} “\U” not available‡ Ââ \^{A}\^{a} Çç \c{C}\c{c} Ąą \k{A}\k{a}† Ǎǎ \v{A}\v{a}
“\newtie” not available* Ⓐⓐ \textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}
- *
- Requires the textcomp package.
- †
- Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.
- ‡
- Requires the T4 font encoding, provided by the fc package.
- §
- Requires the T5 font encoding, provided by the vntex package.
- Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j” (viz., “i” and “j”). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, “
na\"{\i}ve” produces a correct “naïve”, while “na\"{i}ve” would yield the rather odd-looking “naïve”. (“na\"{i}ve” does work in encodings other than OT1, however.)
Table 11: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols
$ \mathdollar ¶ \mathparagraph £ \mathsterling … \mathellipsis § \mathsection _ \mathunderscore
- It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 12: Binary Operators
⨿ \amalg ∪ \cup ⊕ \oplus × \times ∗ \ast † \dagger ⊘ \oslash ◁ \triangleleft ◯ \bigcirc ‡ \ddagger ⊗ \otimes ▷ \triangleright ▽ \bigtriangledown ⋄ \diamond ± \pm ⊴ \unlhd* △ \bigtriangleup ÷ \div ▷ \rhd* ⊵ \unrhd* • \bullet ◁ \lhd* ∖ \setminus ⊎ \uplus ∩ \cap ∓ \mp ⊓ \sqcap ∨ \vee · \cdot ⊙ \odot ⊔ \sqcup ∧ \wedge ∘ \circ ⊖ \ominus ⋆ \star ≀ \wr
- *
- Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 14: Binary Relations
≈ \approx ≡ \equiv ⊥ \perp ‿ \smile ≍ \asymp ⁀ \frown ≺ \prec ≻ \succ ⋈ \bowtie ⑅ \Join* ≼ \preceq ≽ \succeq ≅ \cong ∣ \mid ∝ \propto ⊢ \vdash ⊣ \dashv ⊨ \models ∼ \sim ≐ \doteq ∥ \parallel ≃ \simeq
- *
- Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
Table 17: Arrows
⇓ \Downarrow ←— \longleftarrow ↖ \nwarrow ↓ \downarrow ⇐= \Longleftarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow ↩ \hookleftarrow ←→ \longleftrightarrow → \rightarrow ↪ \hookrightarrow ⇐⇒ \Longleftrightarrow ↘ \searrow ↝ \leadsto* ⊢→ \longmapsto ↙ \swarrow ← \leftarrow =⇒ \Longrightarrow ↑ \uparrow ⇐ \Leftarrow —→ \longrightarrow ⇑ \Uparrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow ↦ \mapsto ↕ \updownarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow ↗ \nearrow† ⇕ \Updownarrow
- *
- Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
- †
- See the note beneath Table 28 for information about how to put a diagonal arrow across a mathematical expression.
Table 20: Log-like Symbols
\arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \sinh \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \sup \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \tan \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \tanh
- Calling the above “symbols” may be a bit misleading.1 Each log-like symbol merely produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spacing. As \bmod and \pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for latex for samples.
Table 22: Math-mode Accents
á \acute{a} ǎ \check{a} à \grave{a} ã \tilde{a} ā \bar{a} “\ddot ” not available â \hat{a} “\vec ” not available ă \breve{a} ȧ \dot{a} å \mathring{a}
- Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j”. (See Table 33.) These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, “
\hat{\imath}” produces a correct “ î ”, while “\hat{i}” would yield the rather odd-looking “ î ”.
Table 23: Greek Letters
α \alpha θ \theta o o τ \tau β \beta ϑ \vartheta π \pi υ \upsilon γ \gamma ι \iota ϖ \varpi φ \phi δ \delta κ \kappa ρ \rho ϕ \varphi є \epsilon λ \lambda ϱ \varrho χ \chi ε \varepsilon µ \mu σ \sigma ψ \psi ζ \zeta ν \nu ς \varsigma ω \omega η \eta ξ \xi Γ \Gamma Λ \Lambda Σ \Sigma Ψ \Psi Δ \Delta Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Ω \Omega Θ \Theta Π \Pi Φ \Phi
- The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.
Table 25: Variable-sized Delimiters
↓ ⎪
⎪
⎪
↓
1 2 3 \downarrow
⇓ ∥
∥
∥
⇓
1 2 3 \Downarrow
[ ⎡
⎢
⎢
⎣
1 2 3 [
] ⎤
⎥
⎥
⎦
1 2 3 ]
⟨ ⟨
⟨
⟨
⟨
1 2 3 \langle
⟩ ⟩
⟩
⟩
⟩
1 2 3 \rangle *
| ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
1 2 3 |
|| ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1 2 3 \|
⌈ ⎡
⎢
⎢
⎢
1 2 3 \lceil
⌉ ⎤
⎥
⎥
⎥
1 2 3 \rceil
↑ ↑
⎪
⎪
⎪
1 2 3 \uparrow
⇑ ⇑
∥
∥
∥
1 2 3 \Uparrow
⌊ ⎢
⎢
⎢
⎣
1 2 3 \lfloor
⌋ ⎥
⎥
⎥
⎦
1 2 3 \rfloor
↕ ↑
⎪
⎪
↓
1 2 3 \updownarrow
⇕ ⇑
∥
∥
⇓
1 2 3 \Updownarrow
( ⎛
⎜
⎜
⎝
1 2 3 (
) ⎞
⎟
⎟
⎠
1 2 3 )
{ ⎧
⎪
⎨
⎪
⎩
1 2 3 \{
} ⎫
⎪
⎬
⎪
⎭
1 2 3 \}
/ /
/
/
/
1 2 3 /
\ \
\
\
\
1 2 3 \backslash
- When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for
|, and \Vert is a synonym for\|.
- *
- ε-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right that can be used to make an internal “|” (often used to indicate “evaluated at”) expand to the height of the surrounding \left and \right symbols. A similar effect can be achieved in conventional latexusing the braket package.
Table 26: Large, Variable-sized Delimiters
⎰ ⎧
⎪
⎪
⎭
1 2 3 \lmoustache
⎱ ⎫
⎪
⎪
⎩
1 2 3 \rmoustache
( ⎛
⎜
⎜
⎝
1 2 3 \lgroup
) ⎞
⎟
⎟
⎠
1 2 3 \rgroup
| ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
1 2 3 \arrowvert
∥ ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1 2 3 \Arrowvert
| ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
1 2 3 \bracevert
- These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The ABX package, however, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work without \left and \right.
Table 28: Extensible Accents
“\widetilde*” not available “\widehat*” not available
No
◂ abc \overleftarrow{abc}†
No
▸ abc \overrightarrow{abc}†
abc
abc \overline{abc}
abc
abc \underline{abc}
No
◢ ▲ ◣ abcd⋯wxyz \overbrace{abcd⋯wxyz}
No
abcd⋯wxyz ◥ ▼ ◤ \underbrace{abcd⋯wxyz}
√abc
√
abc \sqrt{abc}‡
As demonstrated in a 1997 TUGboat article about typesetting long-division problems , an extensible long-division sign (“ )abc ”) can be faked by putting a “
\big)” in a tabular environment with an\hlineor\clinein the preceding row. The article also presents a piece of code (uploaded to CTAN as longdiv.tex) that automatically solves and typesets—by putting an \overline atop “\big)” and the desired text—long-division problems. See also the polynom package, which automatically solves and typesets polynomial-division problems in a similar manner.
- †
- If you’re looking for an extensible diagonal line or arrow to be used for canceling or reducing mathematical subexpressions then consider using the cancel package.
- ‡
- With an optional argument,
\sqrttypesets nth roots. For example, “\sqrt[3]{abc}” produces “∛abc ” and “\sqrt[n]{abc}” produces “(abc)1/n ”.
Table 30: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols
° \textdegree* ½ \textonehalf ¾ \textthreequarters ÷ \textdiv ¼ \textonequarter ³ \textthreesuperior ⁄ \textfractionsolidus ¹ \textonesuperior × \texttimes ¬ \textlnot ± \textpm ² \texttwosuperior - \textminus √ \textsurd
- *
- If you prefer a larger degree symbol you might consider defining one as “
\ensuremath{^\circ}” (“∘”).
Table 33: Miscellaneous LaTeX2e Math Symbols
ℵ \aleph ◇ \Diamond* ∞ \infty ′ \prime ∠ \angle ♦ \diamondsuit ℧ \mho* ♯ \sharp \ \backslash ∅ \emptyset ∇ \nabla ♠ \spadesuit □ \Box*,† ♭ \flat ♮ \natural √ \surd ♣ \clubsuit ♥ \heartsuit ¬ \neg △ \triangle
- *
- Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
- †
- To use \Box—or any other symbol—as an end-of-proof (Q.E.D.) marker, consider using the ntheorem package, which properly juxtaposes a symbol with the end of the proof text.
Table 35: AMS Binary Operators
⊼ \barwedge ⊚ \circledcirc ⊺ \intercal ⊡ \boxdot ⊝ \circleddash ⋋ \leftthreetimes ⊟ \boxminus ⋓ \Cup ⋉ \ltimes ⊞ \boxplus ⋎ \curlyvee ⋌ \rightthreetimes ⊠ \boxtimes ⋏ \curlywedge ⋊ \rtimes ⋒ \Cap ⋇ \divideontimes ﹨ \smallsetminus · \centerdot ∔ \dotplus ⊻ \veebar ⊛ \circledast ⌆ \doublebarwedge
Table 37: AMS Binary Relations
≊ \approxeq ≖ \eqcirc ≿ \succapprox ∍ \backepsilon ≒ \fallingdotseq ≽ \succcurlyeq ∽ \backsim ⊸ \multimap ≿ \succsim ⋍ \backsimeq ⋔ \pitchfork ∴ \therefore ∵ \because ≾ \precapprox “\thickapprox” not available ≬ \between ≼ \preccurlyeq “\thicksim” not available ≎ \Bumpeq ≾ \precsim ∝ \varpropto ≏ \bumpeq ≓ \risingdotseq ⊩ \Vdash ≗ \circeq “\shortmid” not available ⊨ \vDash ⋞ \curlyeqprec “\shortparallel” not available ⊪ \Vvdash ⋟ \curlyeqsucc “\smallfrown” not available ≑ \doteqdot “\smallsmile” not available
Table 39: AMS Subset and Superset Relations
⊈ \nsubseteq ⫅ \subseteqq ⫌ \supsetneqq ⊉ \nsupseteq ⊊ \subsetneq “\varsubsetneq” not available “\nsupseteqq” not available ⫋ \subsetneqq “\varsubsetneqq” not available ⊏ \sqsubset ⋑ \Supset “\varsupsetneq” not available ⊐ \sqsupset ⫆ \supseteqq “\varsupsetneqq” not available ⋐ \Subset ⊋ \supsetneq
Table 40: AMS Inequalities
⋝ \eqslantgtr ⋗ \gtrdot ⋚ \lesseqgtr ≱ \ngeq ⋜ \eqslantless ⋛ \gtreqless ⪋ \lesseqqgtr “\ngeqq” not available ≧ \geqq ⪌ \gtreqqless ≶ \lessgtr “\ngeqslant” not available ⩾ \geqslant ≷ \gtrless ≲ \lesssim ≯ \ngtr ⋙ \ggg ≳ \gtrsim ⋘ \lll ≰ \nleq ⪊ \gnapprox “\gvertneqq” not available ⪇ \lnapprox “\nleqq” not available ⪈ \gneq ≦ \leqq ⪇ \lneq “\nleqslant” not available ≩ \gneqq ⩽ \leqslant ≨ \lneqq ≮ \nless ⋧ \gnsim ≲ \lessapprox ⋦ \lnsim ≳ \gtrapprox ⋖ \lessdot “\lvertneqq” not available
Table 42: AMS Arrows
↺ \circlearrowleft ⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇄ \rightleftarrows ↻ \circlearrowright ⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇉ \rightrightarrows ↶ \curvearrowleft ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ⇝ \rightsquigarrow ↷ \curvearrowright ⇚ \Lleftarrow ↱ \Rsh ⇠ \dashleftarrow ↫ \looparrowleft ↞ \twoheadleftarrow ⇢ \dashrightarrow ↬ \looparrowright ↠ \twoheadrightarrow ⇊ \downdownarrows ↰ \Lsh ⇈ \upuparrows ↢ \leftarrowtail ↣ \rightarrowtail
Table 45: AMS Log-like Symbols
inj lim \injlim “\varinjlim” not available lim \varlimsup proj lim \projlim lim \varliminf “\varprojlim” not available
- Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for latex for samples.
Table 50: AMS Variable-sized Delimiters
| ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
1 2 3 \lvert
| ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
1 2 3 \rvert
∥ ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1 2 3 \lVert
∥ ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1 2 3 \rVert
- According to the amsmath documentation , the preceding symbols are intended to be used as delimiters (e.g., as in “| −z |”) while the \vert and \Vert symbols (Table 25) are intended to be used as operators (e.g., as in “p | q”).
Table 52: AMS Extensible Accents
No
◂ ▸ abc⋯xyz \overleftrightarrow{abc⋯xyz}
No
abc⋯xyz ◂ ▸ \underleftrightarrow{abc⋯xyz}
No
abc ◂ \underleftarrow{abc}
No
abc ▸ \underrightarrow{abc} The following are a sort of “reverse accent” in that the argument text serves as a superscript to the arrow. In addition, the optional first argument (not shown) serves as a subscript to the arrow. See the Short Math Guide for latex for further examples.
No
abc ◂ \xleftarrow{abc}
No
abc ▸ \xrightarrow{abc}
Table 53: AMS Dots
⋯ \dotsb ⋯ \dotsi … \dotso … \dotsc ⋯ \dotsm
- The AMS dot symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas, \dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multiplication signs, and \dotso between other symbol pairs.
This document was translated from LATEX by HEVEA.